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WHERE THE COLD WAR BEGAN, WHERE THE WAR ON ISLAMOFASCISM CAN END |
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Written by Dr. Jack Wheeler
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Wednesday, 04 April 2007 |
A muezzin is calling people to prayer from a minaret nearby
as I am writing this. I am in Hewlar,
Iraq - more appropriately Iraqi Kurdistan, or even more appropriately South
Kurdistan[i].
That's what Kurds in Iraq call their portion of
Kurdistan. Kurds in Turkey call theirs
North Kurdistan. Kurds in Syria call theirs West Kurdistan. And Kurds in Iran call theirs East
Kurdistan. Here's the map:
I am here in Hewlar[ii]
to participate in a conference of Kurdish leaders and intellectuals from all
four regions of Kurdistan because of To The Point's The Kurdish Key to
the Middle East (October 2006) being so widely read throughout the Kurdish
community worldwide.
The speech I gave yesterday (4/4) was broadcast on live
satellite television into Iran where, according to reports we received today,
it caused an extraordinary reaction upon viewers. Especially in a region called Mahabad. It is an unknown bit of history that the Cold War began in
Mahabad. Now it might be where the War
on Islamofascism may be won.
Kurds are the original inhabitants of northern, and the
mountains to the north of, Mesopotamia.
Kurdistan was known to the ancient Sumerians 5,000 years ago as Karda,
to the Assyrians as Kurti, the Babylonians as Qardu, the Greeks as Carduchoi,
the Romans as Corduene.
Although Islam was forced upon them by Arab conquerors in
the 800s, the Kurds freed themselves to form a number of principalities
throughout the Middle Ages. Then in the
1500s they were divided and subsumed within the emerging empires of Safavid
Persia and Ottoman Turkey.
They still were at the end of World War One. The Ottoman Turks had chosen the losing side
and were forced to partition their empire with the Treaty of Sèvres (August 10,
1920), which provided for an independent Kurdistan.
The remnants of the Ottoman Army led by Mustafa Kemal (who
renamed himself Kemal Ataturk, 1881-1938) rejected the treaty and defeated
occupying Greek forces, resulting in it being replaced by the Treaty of
Lausanne, which created modern Turkey.
So the Turks got North Kurdistan. The Brits then divided up the rest of the Ottoman Empire,
creating Syria which got West Kurdistan, and Iraq, which got South
Kurdistan. The dream of Kurdish
independence had turned into an imperialist nightmare, with Kurds becoming
second-class subjects ruled by Turk and Arab overlords.
The only chance left was East Kurdistan in Persia.
In 1797 a tribe called the Qajars took over Persia. Their
first Shah, Fath Ali (1771-1834), went to war with Czar Alexander I of Russia
and lost very badly. In desperation, Fath Ali turned to England for protection.
The Brits helped him hold off the Russkies but didn't take much interest until
oil was discovered in 1908, whereupon they created the Anglo-Persian Oil
Company (now British Petroleum) to siphon off the oil and manipulate the
Qajars. After World War I, the Brits decided the current occupant of the Peacock
Throne, Ahmad Shah, was impossibly incompetent, and in February 1921 ended
Qajar rule and installed a peasant officer in the Persian Cossacks Brigade,
Reza Khan Merpanj (1877-1944) in his place.
Reza Khan declared himself Shah in 1925, changed his name to Pahlavi after an
ancient Persian language, and to curry favor with the new Nazi regime in
Germany, in 1935 without warning or explanation, decreed that Persia would
henceforth be known as Iran, meaning Land of Aryans.
Hitler was quite pleased that a country would rename itself as the original
homeland of his Aryan Master Race, so an alliance was formed, resulting in a
joint British-Russian invasion of Tehran in August 1941 that kicked out Reza
and installed his 21 year-old son son Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1919-1980) as the
new shah.
The Soviets had to withdraw their forces from Iran, needed
to fight the subsequent Battle of Stalingrad (August 1942-February 1943). When Stalin met with FDR and Churchill in
Tehran (the "Tehran Conference") at the end of November 1943, he agreed in
exchange for continued US aid, to make no move on Iran after the war. He of course lied.
At the war's end, a victorious and rejuvenated (thanks to US
aid) Soviet Red Army occupied all of Eastern Europe. Yet America was in no mood, after the Great Depression and
fighting a monumental war costing 295,000 American soldiers' lives, for another
military confrontation.
So when, on March 5, 1946 in a speech at Westminster College in
Fulton Missouri, Winston Churchill proclaimed that an "Iron Curtain" had
descended across Europe due to Soviet colonization of its eastern half, America
shrugged. Yet at the very time of
Churchill's famous address, the Cold War had begun - far away from Europe, in
Iran.
That first week of March 1946, Stalin ordered a Red Army
column to march from Soviet Azerbaijan across the border into Iran and towards
Tehran. That tore it for Harry
Truman. He ordered his Ambassador to
the Soviet Union, Walter Bedell Smith, to personally meet with Stalin in the
Kremlin and deliver an "ultimatum" from the President of the United States.
Ambassador Smith reminded Stalin of Mr. Truman's decision to
end America's war with Japan seven months earlier with nuclear bombs. "President Truman is determined that Iran
remain a free and independent country," he explained to Stalin, "and should you
not withdraw your forces promptly from Iran, he is prepared to make a similar
decision regarding Moscow as he did with Hiroshima and Nagasaki."
Truman had just threatened to nuke Moscow. As Stalin would
not acquire an atomic bomb until August 1949, he told Smith he would comply
with Truman's demand. Of course, he
lied.
Stalin had his Red Army troops halt their march to Tehran
and begin withdrawing from Iran back to the Soviet Union. He stopped the withdrawal in Mahabad.
Mahabad has been a center of Kurdish resistance to Persian
imperialism for 500 years. At the end
of World War II, the Kurds of East Kurdistan saw their chance to finally break
free. In Mahabad on August 16, 1945,
they formed the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran, led by Qazi Mohammed. Five months later, on January 22, 1946, they
formed the independent state of the Republic of Kurdistan with Mahabad as the
capital, and seceded from Iran.
On their withdrawal from northern Iran, the Soviet Red Army
halted in Mahabad. Stalin wanted to
know if Qazi Mohammed would like his soldiers to stay and "protect" them from
those of the Shah of Iran. As a Sunni
judge, Qazi Mohammed despised atheistic communism and well knew what Stalin's
"protection" meant. So he declined,
saying he had his own army, thank you.
That Army of Mahabad was commanded by an extraordinary
Kurdish general, Mustafa Barzani (1903-1979).
From South (Iraqi) Kurdistan, he organized and led a revolt against the
Hashemite[iii]
rulers of Iraq installed in Baghdad by the British in the 1930s. Finally defeated by the Brits, he and
several thousand of his Peshmerga guerrillas escaped into Iran to join with
Qazi Mohammed.
Qazi Mohammed and Mustafa Barzani sent an urgent appeal for
help from America which reached Truman.
He had Bedell Smith remind Stalin of their previous conversation, and to
inform him that US warships were on their way to the Persian Gulf. By April, the Soviets had fully withdrawn
from Mahabad and all of Iran.
The Cold War had begun.
By the summer of 1946, Stalin had deployed 25 Red Army divisions near
Turkey, Truman dispatched an aircraft carrier to protect Turkey, Soviet-backed
Communists were ready to stage a coup and colonize Greece for Stalin, Truman
delivered his "Truman Doctrine" speech to Congress on March 12, 1947 - which
has traditionally been called the starting date of the Cold War.
Congress voted massive aid for Greece and Turkey - but none
for the fledgling Kurdistan Republic.
Truman was quite unable to provide any support, and the young Shah was
determined to destroy it. Barzani
proved to be a brilliant commander inflicting several defeats upon the invading
Persian Army, while Qazi Mohammed attempted to negotiate a federal autonomy for
East Kurdistan within the state of Iran.
All attempts were dismissed.
By December 1946, Barzani's forces were finally overwhelmed
and the Shah's army seized Mahabad.
Barzani and his Peshmerga escaped back into Iraq but Qazi Mohammed
refused to flee. He was captured and
publicly hung, along with his cousin and his brother, in Chwarchira Square in
the center of the city of Mahabad on March 30, 1947.
The conference I am attending here in Hewlar is to
commemorate the Republic of Mahabad on the 60th anniversary of Qazi
Mohammed's execution. Hosting the
conference is the Kurdistan Regional Government - the first Kurdish state in
modern history, albeit within a federal Iraq.
The President of this Kurdish government is Massoud Barzani
- Mustafa Barzani's son. He was born in
1946 - in Mahabad.
That he and his government would sponsor a conference of
Kurds from around the world and all four regions of Kurdistan to commemorate a
Kurdish independence movement in Iran sends a very powerful message to the
mullahs of Tehran.
And to the Kurds of Iran - especially those in Mahabad. That is why my televised speech affected
them so strongly. I frankly didn't know
I was going to be asked to speak, so I hastily scribbled down some notes and
headed for the stage with a translator.
I thought I was speaking just to the attendees, who numbered over a
thousand. I had no idea it was being
broadcast live into Iran.
When you're giving a translated speech, you have to speak
simply, directly, clearly and concisely.
I had to keep it short. Here is
what I said:
It is an honor and privilege to be
here today.
I am from America. And although Americans are a young people
and the Kurds an ancient people, we have two great things in common. First is a love of freedom. Second is the willingness to fight
for freedom.
It is so appropriate to have this
meeting in Hewlar or Erbil, as it is the oldest city in the world. And not like Damascus and other very old
cities, this city has always been inhabited by the same people.
The Kurds are the original people of the Middle
East. They were here before all the
others, the Babylonians, the Arabs, the Turks, the Persians, before them all.
Yet although the Kurds have
triumphed over history, they still remain the largest ethnic group in the world
without their own country. This must
change.
But how can this change come about
when all the nations that divide Kurdistan are so afraid of it?
It is by understanding that the
Kurds are not a threat, but that instead, the Kurds are the key, the solution,
to peace, democracy, and freedom in the Middle East.
We can see this here in Iraqi
Kurdistan. It is the Kurds who are
holding Iraq together. Without the
Kurds, Iraq would have broken apart by now.
Kurdistan is the only part of Iraq that is today peaceful, prosperous,
and free.
The peoples of Turkey, Syria, and
Iran must understand this. They must
understand they can only have a truly free country when all their people
are not oppressed by their governments.
It is the Kurds of Syria who can
bring freedom to Syria. It is the Kurds
of Turkey who can bring freedom to all the peoples of Turkey.
And it is the Kurds of Iran who can
end the horrible tyranny of the mullahs in Tehran and bring freedom to Iran.
It is so appropriate that now we
celebrate the life of Qazi Mohammed and the establishment of the Republic of
Mahabad.
The Republic of Mahabad was a cry
for freedom from a terrible tyranny.
This cry for freedom must arise again today.
Today there is the opportunity for
Kurds to join with other people, such as the Azeris, the Ahwazi Arabs, the
Baluchis, and democratic Persians to rid Iran of Mullah Fascism and bring
freedom to Iran.
I want to thank Hussein
Yazdanpaneh, president of the Kurdish Freedom Party of Iran, Sherkoh Abbas,
president of the Kurdish Assembly of Syria, and the Kurdistan Regional
Government led by President Massoud Barzani, for inviting me to be among you.
I congratulate you for holding this
conference, and join you in your prayers for freedom for the entire Kurdish
people.
You can see how the focus of the speech, just like the
conference as a whole, was on Iran, on Eastern Kurdistan. There were in attendance leaders of Kurdish
democracy parties in Turkey (not the terrorist PKK) and in Syria, but
things are slowly improving for Kurds in Turkey while Syria is Iran's
puppet. Everyone here sees that the
target has got to be Iran.
They see Iran as acutely vulnerable right now, its economy
in ruins, its government hated, absolutely ripe for revolution.
That is why it is so acutely frustrating for them to see the
revolting capitulation of Britain to the mullahs over the recent
hostage-taking, and Pelosi Galore's revolting submission to Ahmadinejad's
poodle, Bashar al-Assad.
They had nothing but derisive laughter for the British
soldiers who allowed themselves to be captured, photographed wearing
headscarves, confessing guilt, not trying to escape, and for the entire British
military in general. They called the captured
Brits tislem.
Tislem (tiss-leem) is Kurdish for yellow-bellied
pussies exhibiting such cowardice that it borders on the sub-human.
For the one thing above all the Kurds are not is tislem. They have been struggling for their freedom
for eons. They see that this long
struggle is almost over, that there is only one impediment in their way: the vulnerable Mullacracy in Iran.
They see the Mullacracy as the originator of Islamic
terrorism in the world, its principal sponsor today, and the primary obstacle
to the democratization of the Middle East.
"If Iran were a real democracy with the mullahs overthrown,"
a delegate to the conference from Kermanshah (in Iranian Kurdistan) told me,
"peace would come to Iraq and the pressure for dictators to give up power and
countries to democratize, from Syria to Egypt and even to Saudi Arabia, would
be irresistible. Aid to Hezbollah would
end and Lebanon could be free. Aid to
Hamas would end and the Palestinians could have a chance to make peace with
Israel. Aid to terrorists over the
world would end."
"The way to end the threat of ‘Islamofascism' as you put it,
Jack," one of the conference organizers said, "is for America to help the
Kurdish resistance in Iran. It's not
just in East Kurdistan. Did you know there
are two million Kurds in Tehran? [Out of a total of 12 million for the
city.] Give us the kind of support
America gave to the Mujahaddin in Afghanistan or Solidarity in Poland against
the Soviets. We will put an end to this
Islamofascism for you."
It would be a great historical irony if the place where the
Cold War began was the place where our war with Islamofascism was won. History is full of such ironies. The Kurds are determined that this one shall
come true - with our help or without it.
"Never before, Jack, had the people of Mahabad and East Kurdistan heard words like yours," I was told, "spoken by an American. That an American would say such things was very inspiring to them. America is such an inspiration for all Kurds. You fought for your freedom and won it. We shall do the same."
[i] . See The Kurdish Key to
the Middle East as to how the Kurds are reluctant Moslems, many of who are
returning to their original religion of Zoroastrianism. Religious freedom flourishes in Iraqi
Kurdistan. One sees, for example,
Christian churches of various denominations dotting Hewlar.
[ii] . Pronounced how-lair, Hewlar is the
oldest continuously-occupied city on the world - and by the same people. The Kurds have lived here for over 7,000
years. On maps, its Arabic name is
variously spelled Erbil, Arbil, and Irbil as Arabic is written without vowels
(so a true transcription would be "Rbl").
[iii] . The British installed various sons of the
Sharif of Mecca, head of the Hashem clan, as rulers of Ottoman partitions: Ali of the Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz
(conquered by Ibn Saud and subsumed within Saudi Arabia), Abdullah of the
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (the current King Abdullah II is his
great-grandson), and Faisal, first of the Hashemite Kingdom of Syria (quickly
overthrown in 1920), then of the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq (erased by a
military coup in 1958).
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